Guoying Han,Mingshun Sun,Ruixin Zhao,Qazi Mohammad Junaid,Guozhen Hou,Numan Zada Khan Mohmand,Chunmei Jia,Yiwei Liu,Pascal Van Der Voort,Lei Shi,Xiao Feng
This review systematically classifies Ti-MOFs by node types, surveys defect synthesis and applications, discusses structural challenges, and inspires new defect engineering pathways.