Rearrangement of Alkylchlorocarbenes:  1,2-H Shift in Free Carbene, Carbene−Olefin Complex, and Excited States of Carbene Precursors

Photolysis of alkylchlorodiazirines ( 1 ) in the presence of olefins gives a cyclopropane ( 3 ) by addition of the generated carbene to the olefin and a vinyl chloride derivative ( 2 ) resulting from a 1,2-H shift rearrangement. This rearrangement may occur either in the carbene or in some excited state, precursor of the carbene (RIES mechanism), or in a “carbene + olefin complex” on the way to the formation of 3 (COC mechanism). Results obtained by time-resolved photoacoustic calorimetry as well as by thermolysis and photolysis of ClCH 2 C(N 2 )Cl and CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 C(N 2 )Cl in the presence of tetramethylethylene clearly indicate that both the RIES and COC mechanisms play a role but with efficiencies which greatly depend on the nature of the diazirine. Reexamination of the results previously obtained with benzylchlorodiazirines indicates that, for this class of diazirines, the RIES mechanism is temperature dependent and has a very low efficiency at room temperature and below, whereas the nonlinearity of the plots [ 3 ]/[ 2 ] vs [olefin] is mainly due to the COC mechanism.