Comparative experimental study of the known antimanic drug lithium carbonate and the original compound lithium oxybutyrate that possesses a neurotropic activity similar to that of lithium carbonate has shown lithium oxybutyrate to elicit a more prolonged and more pronounced central depressant action, and a significantly less toxicity. Lithium oxybutyrate is well soluble that makes it possible to use it as injections required for rapid arrest of manic conditions.