[Objective] The purpose was to study the effect of biocontrol bacteria B296 and B253 on wheat Rhizoctonia cerealis.[Methdo] B296 and B253 were isolated from soils through dilute plat to study biological activity of wheat Rhizoctonia cerealis and analyze preventing effect.[Result]The results indicated that the inhibitation rate of B296 and B253 on wheat Rhizoctonia cerealis was 85.9% and 83.8%,respectively.The effect of biocontrol bacteria was better in sterile soil than in natural soil,biocontrol effects of B296 and B253 was 57.96% and 69.43%,respectively.In field,they were 55.16% and 37.05%,respectively.[Conclusion]This study will provide theoretical reference for control of wheat Rhizoctonia cerealis.