Objective To establish a prevention and treatment system for children with amblyopia and strabismus in order to diagnose and intervene amblyopia and strabismus as early as possible.Methods The prevention and treatment system included screening amblyopia and strabismus in primary schools and kindergartens,establishing health records and providing follow-up service for the children with amblyopia and strabismus,and setting up support group for the parents.Results The numbers of outpatients for screening and treatment of amblyopia and strabismus were significantly increased.Moreover,the treatment effectiveness was improved.Conclusion The establishment of prevention and treatment system can effectively prevent amblyopia and strabismus in children and ensure the effective treatment for children with amblyopia and strabismus.