Co-Immobilized Multi-Enzyme Systems with Spatial Arrangement for Glucose Detection

, and enhance the catalytic efficiency of multi-enzyme catalysis. The immobilization yields of GOx and HRP reached 54.6% and 65.0%, respectively. The resultant HRP.PDA.GOx@NPC-10 exhibited 1.65-folds higher activity than free enzymes and maintained favorable stability under extreme pH and temperature conditions. After 7 cycles, HRP.PDA.GOx@NPC-10 retained 75.66% of its initial activity, demonstrating reusability. Especially, HRP.PDA.GOx@NPC-10 has been demonstrated to possess a glucose detection limit as low as 0.28 μM and a reaction time of only 3 min, indicating its potential for practical glucose detection.