Recent Progress on Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targetable Small Organic Fluorescent Probes

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle in eukaryotic cells and participates in the synthesis and secretion of various proteins, glycogen, lipids, and cholesterol substances.It is surrounded by a single membrane in the cytoplasm, which is a three-dimensional mesh structure formed by flat cysts, membrane tubes, and bubbles.Research on the physiological morphology of ER can facilitate the resolution of certain metabolic diseases.Due to the good optical properties and outstanding specific localization, fluorescent probe technology has been widely used in structural investigation and activity tracking of organelles.The ER fluorescent probes can be divided into two types, one is a single functional ER localization probe, the other is a multi-functional ER probe, which has multiple functions of locating and detecting active species in ER, the morphology and environment of ER.In this article, the structure, function and biological application of ER fluorescent probes in recent years are summarized and reviewed.Various localization mechanisms of ER fluorescent probes are described.The development trend of ER fluorescent probes in life science research is prospected.