Abstract Herein, we investigated the preparation and optical properties of water-soluble CdSe quantum dots (QDs). CdSe QDs with a narrow size distribution were hydrothermally prepared by reacting Cd2+ with NaHSe in the presence of N-acetyl-L-cysteine as ligand. Furthermore, photoluminescence quantum yield increased to ∼47% when a ZnS shell was applied to prepare the CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs.