Emerging optical broadband access networks from TDM PON to OFDM PON

The bandwidth requirements of the telecommunication network users increased rapidly during the last decades. The emerging optical access technologies must provide the band-width demand for each user. The passive optical access networks (PONs) support a maximum data rate of 100 Gbps by using the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique in the optical access network. In this paper, the enabling optical broadband access networks with many techniques are presented and compared. The architectures, advantages, disadvantages, and main parameters of these access networks are discussed and reported. A combination of differ-ent techniques in a hybrid PON network introduces a cost-effective, reliable and efficient access network. The hybrid optical broadband access technologies are presented which have many ad-vantages to become next-generation broadband access networks. The concept and architecture of the hybrid optical broadband access networks are discussed.