Obstructive sleep apnea in Parkinson's disease: a study in 239 Chinese patients

Abstract Objective Our objective was to explore the clinical characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD) comorbidity with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), explore the correlation between OSA and PD features and identify factors that are independent predictors of OSA in PD patients. Methods In sum, 239 PD patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of OSA (apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) score ≥5) (PD-OSA vs PD-non-OSA). Blinded to sleep apnea status, participants underwent an extensive assessment to determine demographic features, concomitant disease, disease severity, polysomnography (PSG) characteristics and non-motor symptoms (NMSs). Results Of the 239 patients, 66 (27.62%) had an AHI score ≥5, including 14.2% (34/239) with mild, 6.7% (16/239) with moderate, and 6.7% (16/239) with severe sleep apnea. The binary logistic regression analyses indicated that age and male gender were risk factors for OSA, while rapid eye movement (REM) sleep disorder (RBD) and higher Levodopa equivalent dose (LED) were protective factors for OSA. PD-OSA patients had higher Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores than those of PD-non-OSA patients. No differences were found for other NMSs between groups. Conclusion Our data suggest that OSA in PD was lower in patients with RBD and higher LED. RBD and higher LDEs were significant protective factors for OSA in PD. OSA in PD was increased with age and male gender. Age and male gender were risk factors for OSA in PD. OSA can aggravate excessive daytime somnolence in PD patients but is not associated with other NMSs.