Survival in Middle Ear Malignancy: A Population‐Based Analysis Based on the SEER Database

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features and survival outcomes of patients with middle ear malignancies at a population level. Study Design Retrospective cohort study with data from a national database. Setting National database of middle ear malignancy. Methods Records of patients diagnosed with a middle ear malignancy from 1973 to 2016 were extracted from the SEER database (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results). SPSS (version 27; IBM) was used to conduct 5‐year survival analysis. Results The average survival for all 431 patients was 61.4 months. Five‐year disease‐specific survival for squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA), adenocarcinoma, other carcinoma, and noncarcinoma subtypes varied significantly at 54.6%, 82.1%, 71.8%, and 82.6%, respectively (P <. 0001). There was an improved 5‐year survival for patients with adenocarcinoma who received surgery versus those who did not (91.7% vs 65.1%; P =. 023, log‐rank). Five‐year disease‐specific survival was significantly better in patients aged <55 years (mean ± SD, 77.8% ± 0.39%) as compared with those >70 years (55.1% ± 5.1%) and those aged 55 to 69 years (60.2% ± 4.9%; P <. 01 and P <. 001, respectively, log‐rank). Patients with SCCA were significantly older than those with adenocarcinoma (P <. 0001). Noncarcinoma subtypes were more likely to present with local disease, as opposed to regional or distant disease, when compared with SCCA (P =. 0027). Conclusion Prognosis and treatment outcomes for primary middle ear malignancies depend on histologic subtype and age at diagnosis. The noncarcinoma and adenocarcinoma subtypes carry the best prognoses. Patients with adenocarcinoma were most likely to benefit from surgery.