Numerical simulation of slag entrapment process during the end of casting in tundish

The slag entrapment process under two different initial conditions during the end of casting in tundish is studied. A 3D multiphase mathematical model was developed to simulate the slag entrapment behaviour. The critical slag entrapment time (ts) and the corresponding critical slag entrapment height (hcs) were predicted. The results show the hcs increases, the ts decreases as the casting speed increases, but their relationships are not linear. The influence of casting speed on the hcs in the range of 1.25–1.5 m min−1 is higher than other ranges. The hcs simulated from the steady flow field is higher than that from the static state. When the casting speed is 1.50 m min−1, the difference between the hcs calculated from two different initial conditions is the largest, reaching 9.83 mm (8.42%). The numerical simulation results are verified by a 1:2 scaled water model.