Mo2C–MoS2 embedded reduced graphene oxide nanohybrid: Epitaxial synthesis of Mo2C to augment the lithium storage properties of MoS2

Abstract A striking three-dimensional (3D) MoS2 (MS) nanoflower is synthesized through a lucid two-step process. The 3D MS nanoflower distorts to an extent when embedded in reduced graphene oxide (MS/rGO). MS/rGO is next subjected to controlled thermal annealing under H2 and CH4 to convert some amount of MS to Mo2C (MC). This leads to the formation of a new nanohybrid composed of MC nanosheets attached to MS nanoflowers embedded in a reduced graphene oxide network (M(S+C)/rGO), where MS have vastly exposed stepped edge sites. This epitaxial growth of MC is demonstrated using XRD, HRTEM, XPS and Raman scattering. On evaluation as an anode in lithium ion batteries, M(S+C)/rGO hybrid with lesser active material (MS) exhibits higher specific capacity and delivers better rate capability and cyclic stability compared to MS/rGO.