Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors: A Review of Design and Applications

Biosensors have become a key research domain owing to their potential applications in numerous areas, such as food and water safety, human health management, and environmental monitoring. Various carbon-based nanomaterials have been extensively studied in biosensor-related works and are considered the most promising candidates for producing sensitive, rapid, and low-cost biosensors. In this article, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and graphene oxide (GO) are discussed for the development of various biosensors. We examine multiple areas in the design of biosensors, highlighting their possible applications and assorted fabrication techniques.