Designing Decellularized Extracellular Matrix‐Based Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting

Abstract 3D bioprinting is an emerging technology to fabricate tissues and organs by precisely positioning cells into 3D structures using printable cell‐laden formulations known as bioinks. Various bioinks are utilized in 3D bioprinting applications; however, developing the perfect bioink to fabricate constructs with biomimetic microenvironment and mechanical properties that are similar to native tissues is a challenging task. In recent years, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)‐based bioinks have received an increasing attention in 3D bioprinting applications, since they are derived from native tissues and possess unique, complex tissue‐specific biochemical properties. This review focuses on designing dECM‐based bioinks for tissue and organ bioprinting, including commonly used decellularization and decellularized tissue characterization methods, bioink formulation and characterization, applications of dECM‐based bioinks, and most recent advancements in dECM‐based bioink design.