An overview on alginate based bio-composite materials for wastewater remedial

Rapid industrialization has become the biggest threat for living beings and aquatic animals, the discharge of contaminants in water bodies is a major concern worldwide. In this work, the various low-cost adsorbents of the alginate-based bio-composites beads such as Oxide-based alginate composites, hybrid or agricultural composites, nanocomposites etc. have been reviewed. The composites discussed have been successfully eliminated the water-soluble contaminants like heavy metal ions such as Cadmium (Cd) and Arsenic (As), Cobalt (Co), lead (Pb2+); water-soluble antibiotics; Organic dyes like methylene blue, methyl orange, Eriochrome black-T; Eriochrome Blue Black R; phenolic compounds of 2,4-dichlorophenol, bisphenol A etc. by adsorption techniques. Methylene Blue removal have been researched in a wide range with alginate-based bio-composites. The Structural analysis and morphology for variety of Alginate Bio-composite beads was performed using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric Analysis techniques. Various Adsorption rates like pseudo-first and second-order, Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm, Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm etc were determined to recognize and improve the differing physiochemical processes such as adsorption rate by adsorbents, pH, initial concentration of dyes, temperature. This review article illustrates the role of natural biopolymer of Na or Ca Biocomposites of alginate in as formats to make valuable substances with extensive applications for the expulsion of different contaminants from wastewater.