Research progress on paracrine effect of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) usually uses multiple mechanisms to repair tissue damage including differentiation. However, recent studies show that the therapeutic effects of MSCs are mainly mediated by paracrine, among which soluble protein secretion and extracellular membrane vesicles (EVS) are of the greatest concern. EVs released by MSCs are reflective of their cells of origin, able to impact upon the activities of other cells in the local microenvironment. Growing evidence suggests that cytokines secreted by MSCs (called secretome) can replace MSCs cells. Here, we review the paracrine characteristics of MSCs, the mechanism of secretome generation and release, and the effects of cell sources on paracrine. Key words: Mesenchymal stem cells; Paracrine; Secretory