Histone deacetylases (HDAC) have been strongly associated with epigenetics and cancer development and several inhibitors are used in the treatment of certain types of cancers. The January 2012 issue will bring together a series of review articles focussing on the roles of specific histone deacetylases (HDAC) and their inhibitors in immunology and immune‐related diseases. Further background information about these enzymes is available through the accompanying web focus which links to related articles across the Nature Publishing Group.