Sunscreens used at the beach do not protect against erythema: A new definition of SPF is proposed

红斑 计算机科学 皮肤病科 医学
作者
Hans Christian Wulf,Ida‐Marie Stender,Jørgen Lock‐Andersen
出处
期刊:Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine [Wiley]
卷期号:13 (4): 129-132 被引量:131
标识
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0781.1997.tb00215.x
摘要

Since sunscreens are recommended by doctors and used all over the world to protect against sun induced erythema, it is important to evaluate if sunscreens are used as recommended and if the intended effect is achieved. We refer to the findings of several studies performed on people at risk of sun‐burning at beaches in the vicinity of Copenhagen, Denmark. On a sunny day at the beach 65% of the sunbathers used one or more sunscreens. Of these, 46% used the sunscreen all over the body and a median sun protection factor (SPF) of 5–6 was used. The sunbathers used 0.5 mg/cm 2 of sunscreen independent of skin type. Of the sunscreen users, 43%> applied the sunscreen after arriving at the beach and 43% reapplied the sunscreen after swimming. The sun exposure time and the sun exposure dose were almost identical among sunscreen users and non‐users. Self‐assessed redness of the skin demonstrated that more sunscreen users than non‐users reported to be red the day after sun exposure, 42 and 34%, respectively. Theoretical calculations support this finding and show a drastic reduction in the achieved photoprotection if a thinner layer than in the test situation is used. Sunscreens do not protect against erythema if not used as intended. Instead of changing people's habits, we suggest modifying the test method by adjusting the amount of sunscreen to that used in real life situations, 0.5 mg/cm 2 .
最长约 10秒,即可获得该文献文件

科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI
科研通是完全免费的文献互助平台,具备全网最快的应助速度,最高的求助完成率。 对每一个文献求助,科研通都将尽心尽力,给求助人一个满意的交代。
实时播报
单薄忆梅发布了新的文献求助10
刚刚
天天快乐应助qinsi15采纳,获得10
刚刚
baoziya发布了新的文献求助10
1秒前
遇见发布了新的文献求助10
1秒前
雾中的山雾中的我完成签到,获得积分10
1秒前
等待的安露完成签到,获得积分10
1秒前
田様应助洪伟采纳,获得10
3秒前
科研捣蛋鬼完成签到,获得积分20
3秒前
3秒前
3秒前
3秒前
keepory86完成签到,获得积分10
4秒前
bkagyin应助快快采纳,获得10
5秒前
科研通AI5应助冷静青易采纳,获得10
5秒前
baoziya完成签到,获得积分10
6秒前
7秒前
hh发布了新的文献求助10
7秒前
无聊的火龙果应助harvey采纳,获得10
8秒前
9秒前
louyu发布了新的文献求助10
9秒前
9秒前
梧桐树发布了新的文献求助10
9秒前
10秒前
小陆同学发布了新的文献求助10
10秒前
10秒前
10秒前
Lucas应助虾条采纳,获得10
11秒前
脑洞疼应助Balance Man采纳,获得10
11秒前
眼角流星完成签到,获得积分10
11秒前
11秒前
zzzzzzp发布了新的文献求助10
12秒前
hahada完成签到,获得积分10
12秒前
13秒前
13秒前
冲浪男孩226完成签到 ,获得积分10
13秒前
Plucky发布了新的文献求助10
13秒前
13秒前
YORLAN发布了新的文献求助10
13秒前
开朗的傲云完成签到,获得积分10
14秒前
刘敏小七发布了新的文献求助30
14秒前
高分求助中
Applied Survey Data Analysis (第三版, 2025) 800
Assessing and Diagnosing Young Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2nd Edition) 700
Images that translate 500
引进保护装置的分析评价八七年国外进口线路等保护运行情况介绍 500
Algorithmic Mathematics in Machine Learning 500
Handbook of Innovations in Political Psychology 400
Mapping the Stars: Celebrity, Metonymy, and the Networked Politics of Identity 400
热门求助领域 (近24小时)
化学 材料科学 医学 生物 工程类 有机化学 物理 生物化学 纳米技术 计算机科学 化学工程 内科学 复合材料 物理化学 电极 遗传学 量子力学 基因 冶金 催化作用
热门帖子
关注 科研通微信公众号,转发送积分 3841458
求助须知:如何正确求助?哪些是违规求助? 3383581
关于积分的说明 10530461
捐赠科研通 3103696
什么是DOI,文献DOI怎么找? 1709374
邀请新用户注册赠送积分活动 823157
科研通“疑难数据库(出版商)”最低求助积分说明 773816