1H NMR Metabolic Profiling of Plasma Reveals Additional Phenotypes in Knockout Mouse Models

The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium program has been established to ascribe biological functions to systematically knocked-out (KO) genes by in vivo and ex vivo phenotyping. The plasma clinical chemistry screen includes an assessment of liver, kidney, and bone function and provides a basic lipid profile and histopathology reports on 32 tissues. We report on the inclusion of plasma analysis by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. 1H NMR spectroscopy data are summarized from 116 running baseline controls with 18 homozygous and 2 heterozygous KO mouse lines along with wild-type controls (typically n = 7 per gender). For the baseline group, the intersample variation of 1H NMR glucose measurement was 12%, and the 1H NMR spectroscopy data were influenced by gender and feeding status. There were good correlations between the clinical chemistry and the 1H NMR spectroscopy measurements for glucose, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol. Significant differences were observed in two KO lines, Agl (MGI: 1924809) and Bbs5 (MGI: 1919819), by 1H NMR spectroscopy, clinical chemistry, and histopathology. In a further two KO lines, Elmod1 (MGI: 3583900) and Emc10 (MGI: 1916933), 1H NMR metabolic differences were observed, but no other ex vivo changes were detected. In the remaining 16 lines, no ex vivo abnormal phenotypes were observed. Plasma 1H NMR spectroscopy can therefore provide a novel perspective on the function of knocked-out genes.