Advances in nonlinear optical microscopy for biophotonics

This article reviews recent advances in nonlinear optical microscopy for biophotonics, including stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), second harmonic generation (SHG), and sum frequency generation (SFG). We first introduce the principles and applications of SRS, CARS, TPEF, SHG, and SFG and their individual applications for biophotonics. We then introduce the combination of SRS, CARS, TPEF, SHG, and SFG microscopy for biophotonics. Our review not only summarizes the recent advances in nonlinear optical microscopy but also can deepen the understanding of the combination of these types of nonlinear optical microscopy for biophotonics.