Exosomal miR‐93 derived from hepatocellular carcinoma cell promotes the sorafenib resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma through PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway

Abstract Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from cancer cell is an important regulatory molecule that mediates the formation of tumor drug resistance, but function and mechanisms of exosomal miRNA in sorafenib resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been studied. We detected the level and prognosis of miR‐93 in HCC by using TCGA HCC database. For confirming the extracted exosome, transmission electron microscopy was used. Cy3‐labeled miR‐93 and quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction were used to prove that exosomal miR‐93 derived from HCC cell can be transferred to sensitive HCC cells. CCK8, EdU, and flow cytometer assay were used to confirm the function of exosomal miR‐93 in sorafenib resistance of HCC. Bioinformatics software and luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the direct targeting relationship between PTEN and miR‐93. Western blot was used to validate downstream pathways. We found that miR‐93 is overexpressed and a prognostic risk factor for the HCC patients. miR‐93 was overexpressed in sorafenib resistant HCC cells compared with sensitive cells, and miR‐93 contributed to sorafenib resistance of HCC cells through targeting PTEN. miR‐93 was enriched in exosomes that secreted from sorafenib resistant cells, and these exosomal miR‐93 promote the spread of sorafenib resistant through targeting PTEN to reactivate PI3K/AKT pathway. Therefore, miR‐93 can act as a potential therapeutic target for advanced patients with acquired sorafenib resistance.