Phytochemical Investigation and Pharmacological Activity of Solidago canadensis L. against H1N1 Virus, involving the Separation and Identifi cation of Three New Compounds

Solidago canadensis L. (S. canadensis) is a member of the Asteraceae family, which comprises over a 100 species. The aerial portion of S. canadensis was defatted by maceration in hexane for 24 hours; the defatted plant components were extracted for 24 hours using a Soxhlet apparatus and aqueous ethanol 85%, and then fractionated by diff erent solvents. The ethyl acetate, and chloroform fractions were examined using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). The examination revealed the presence of several phenolics, coumarins, and fl avonoid compounds. Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC) was utilized to isolate several compounds. Eugenol-o-glucoside, 2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, and 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (Hircinol) have been isolated and identifi ed in the plant for the fi rst time. High-throughput cytopathic eff ect (CPE) inhibitory tests for the H1N1 virus on vero cells were developed to investigate new potential antiviral agents. A crystal violet uptake assay was used to measure the cytotoxic and antiviral eff ects. The polyphenols in the ethyl acetate fraction showed high antiviral activities against H1N1 with a selective index (SI) = estimated CC50/estimated IC50 = 23.6. Consequently, the tested samples are good candidates for further experiments as anti-infl uenza H1N1