Enhancing knowledge sharing in generative AI integration: the impact of AI self-efficacy and skill threat perceptions

Purpose This study aims to investigate how perceptions of Generative artificial intelligence’s (GenAI) intelligence and humanness influence employees’ knowledge-sharing intentions through AI self-efficacy and perceived skill threat. It also explores the moderating roles of AI technical literacy and growth mindset. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from an online survey of 496 employees who had experienced using GenAI, primarily from Information Technology and Manufacturing. The data analysis was conducted using AMOS 23.0and PROCESS macro. Findings The study reveals that perceptions of intelligence and humanness positively impact knowledge sharing intentions through AI self-efficacy. Perceived intelligence and humanness were found to reduce the perception of skill threats, thereby indirectly promoting knowledge sharing intentions. In addition, AI technical literacy moderates the relationship between perceived intelligence/humanness and skill threat perception, while a growth mindset diminishes the negative impact of skill threat perceptions on knowledge-sharing intentions. Research limitations/implications This research was conducted within Chinese culture. Future studies should validate the model in diverse cultural contexts to assess its generalizability. In addition, reliance on self-report surveys necessitates future research to use longitudinal designs to examine the influence of GenAI perceptions on knowledge-sharing behaviors over time. Finally, as AI technology evolves, future research should explore how advancements, such as improved natural language processing, impact knowledge-sharing behaviors. Practical implications The integration of GenAI is transforming work processes, especially in information technology and manufacturing. In IT, AI self-efficacy is crucial for knowledge sharing. Organizations should invest in training to boost AI literacy, helping employees confidently use AI tools in their daily tasks. In the manufacturing sector, where automation and AI are replacing or augmenting human labor, it is crucial to address employees’ perceptions of skill threats. Companies can ease job security concerns by highlighting AI’s role in complementing human expertise. Promoting AI as a collaborative tool can reduce resistance to its implementation and improve knowledge sharing within teams. Fostering a growth mindset in the workforce is crucial. Managers should offer continuous learning and professional development, helping employees see technological changes as growth opportunities. Originality/value This study introduces a novel perspective by extending social cognitive theory to reveal how GenAI’s intelligence and humanness influence knowledge sharing through cognitive/psychological mechanisms. Furthermore, the findings reveal an unexpected positive reframing, where these GenAI attributes diminish employees’ perceived skill threats (supporting complementarity), contrary to assumptions they exacerbate redundancy concerns. The findings offer fresh insights into fostering a collaborative, supportive work environment amid AI integration.