Exploration of large angle scattering events for muon tomography

Abstract Muon scattering tomography, which leverages multiple Coulomb scattering, has been proposed as a non-destructive assay technique without radiation hazard. In recent decades, innovations have significantly advanced muon tomography. Most muon scattering events occur at small angles which could be well described with a Gaussian model; however, large-angle scattering events receive greater weighting in material property indices, making their accurate characterization critical for reconstruction quality. This paper explores large-angle scattering events and validates a new approach through experiments. Based on Molière’s theory of large-angle scattering, we propose that the scattering angle distribution follows a zero-mean Breit-Wigner model. Cosmic muon scattering events are reconstructed using the Point of Closest Approach (PoCA) method, enabling scattering angle reconstruction. The imaging capability is evaluated using multiple 2 cm×2 cm×2 cm tungsten blocks in various configurations. The results indicate that the Breit-Wigner model exhibits high robustness to angular limitations. This demonstrates its strong potential in Muon Scattering Technology and material discrimination across diverse objects.