A flat-structured triboelectric nanogenerator based on PDMS/MXene for mechanical energy harvesting boxing training monitoring

With the advancement of intelligent wearable sports monitoring devices, self-powered, flexible, and lightweight sensors have garnered significant attention. In this study, we propose a flat-structured triboelectric nanogenerator (PM-TENG) with multiple voids based on a PDMS/MXene film. The triboelectric layers consist of a PDMS/MXene film and a nylon film. When subjected to boxing impacts, the PM-TENG (size: 2 × 2 cm2) demonstrates remarkable performance, generating higher output. Our results show that the maximum open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current density (Isc) of the PM-TENG reach 278 V and 8.46 µA/cm2, respectively. Additionally, when connected to a 40 MΩ load, the maximum output power of the PM-TENG can reach 4.44 mW/cm2. The PM-TENG effectively monitors various fundamental boxing techniques, including jabs, straight punches, and hook punches, thereby offering new opportunities for the development of smart sports technologies. This research underscores the potential of TENG applications in intelligent sports equipment, paving the way for future innovations in the field.