Low pH Means More Female Offspring: A Multigenerational Plasticity in the Sex Ratio of Marine Bivalves

) as a model. This phenomenon, which we term pH-mediated sex determination (PSD), has no consequences for fecundity, gonadal development, or reproductive function in the offspring. Moreover, PSD persisted into a second year of reproduction and was inherited across multiple generations. Transcriptomic analysis indicates PSD is associated with the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway in females and inhibition of spermiogenesis-related functions in males. This work expands our understanding of environmental sex determination and highlights the possible impact of global changes on reproduction and population dynamics of mollusks and other marine organisms.