Sulfonated, oxidized pectin-based double crosslinked bioprosthetic valve leaflets for synergistically enhancing hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility and reducing calcification

The synergistic strategy of sulfonated, oxidized pectin and quercetin can enhance the BVLs’ mechanical properties and also endow BVLs with excellent hemocompatibility, anti-inflammatory, anti-calcification, and pro-endothelialization.