Understanding the working of magnetic COFs in the extraction and determination of target contaminants for food safety

), and synergistic interactions (π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic/polar, and electrostatic interactions). These multifunctional composites demonstrate high selectivity, low detection limits, strong reproducibility, and reusability. Challenges remain in scaling up, addressing matrix effects, and ensuring cost-effective fabrication. The review concludes by proposing design strategies for next-generation COF-MSPE sorbents tailored to food safety analysis and industrial applications.