Manufacturing processes and recycling technology of automotive lithium-ion battery: A review

Automotive lithium-ion battery (ALIB) is the core component of EVs, and its performance determines the development of EVs. In general, the whole life cycle of ALIB includes three stages: manufacturing, service and recycling. In these three stages, the performance of ALIB during its service period is the most widely concerned and investigated, including charging speed, endurance and safety. However, the manufacturing and recycling technology also highly affect the overall performance of ALIB. This paper focuses on the manufacturing and recycling technologies of ALIB, and carries out a comprehensive review on ALIB manufacturing process, manufacturing cost, manufacturing energy consumption and recycling. First, manufacturing processes of ALIB, including material production and conditioning, electrode production, cell assembly, cell formation and battery packing, are explained in detail. Second, the ALIB manufacturing cost is analyzed, including material cost, processing cost, and testing costs. Third, energy consumption of ALIB manufacturing is discussed. Furthermore, recycling technologies of ALIB are classified and summarized. Finally, this review points out some challenges on ALIB manufacturing and recycling that have not been completely resolved in the previous research and puts forward some recommendations for filling these research gaps.