Direct Dioxygen Radical Coupling Driven by Octahedral Ruthenium–Oxygen–Cobalt Collaborative Coordination for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction

The acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has long been the bottleneck of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers given its harsh oxidative and corrosive environments. Herein, we suggest an effective strategy to greatly enhance both the acidic OER activity and stability of Co₃O₄ spinel by atomic Ru selective substitution on the octahedral Co sites. The resulting highly symmetrical octahedral Ru-O-Co collaborative coordination with strong electron coupling effect enables the direct dioxygen radical coupling OER pathway. Indeed, both experiments and theoretical calculations reveal a thermodynamically breakthrough heterogeneous diatomic oxygen mechanism. Additionally, the active Ru-O-Co units are well-maintained upon the acidic OER thanks to the electron transfer from surrounding electron-enriched tetrahedral Co atoms via bridging oxygen bonds that suppresses the overoxidation and thus dissolution of active Ru and Co species. Consequently, the prepared catalyst, even with a low Ru mass loading of ca. 42.8 μg cm^-2, exhibits an attractive acidic OER performance with a low overpotential of 200 mV and a low potential decay rate of 0.45 mV h^-1 at 10 mA cm^-2. Our work suggests an effective strategy to significantly enhance both the acidic OER activity and stability of low-cost electrocatalysts.