Cap-Sweat: a capillary microfluidic platform for digitized sweat sampling and time-resolved biomarker analysis

studies during exercise demonstrated continuous cortisol chrono-sampling with sub-minute resolution, capturing a transient early surge followed by fluctuating oscillations-dynamics that are undetectable using conventional continuous-flow or absorbent-based patches. This high-fidelity, temporally resolved biomarker profiling reveals previously obscured features of acute stress physiology and supports applications in neuroendocrine research, psychological health monitoring, and performance tracking. Cap-Sweat's compatibility with ELISA and future biosensor integration, combined with its scalable, low-cost design, positions it as a versatile platform for point-of-care diagnostics and personalized health analytics.