Platinum(IV) Complex-Loaded nanoparticles with photosensitive activity for cancer therapy

Many cisplatin analogs have been synthesized since cisplatin was approved for clinical treatment of solid tumors. Some of cisplatin analogs were clinically approved, such as lobaplatin, nedaplatin, carboplatin, heptaplatin, and oxaliplatin. However, in practice, cisplatin and its analogues can cause renal toxicity, neurotoxicity, and other adverse reactions. Their drug resistance may reduce the therapeutic effect and make them unsuitable for clinical use. In order to solve these problems, Pt(IV) complexes with six-coordinate, low-spin d6, and octahedron have attracted great attention since their special chemical structures limit their interactions with biomolecules before reaching their desired target. However, Pt(IV) complexes have the disadvantages of small molecule drugs, such as poor pharmacokinetics and unspecific toxicity. Therefore, Pt(IV) complexes were loaded into nanoparticles to improve their bioavailability and tumor targeting. Pt(IV) complex-loaded nanoparticles with photosensitive activity enable themselves to achieve multimodal theranostics, improve the therapeutic efficacy, reduce drug resistance and systemic toxicity. This review summarizes the recent researches on Pt(IV) complex-loaded nanoparticles with photosensitive activity. The progress in Pt(IV) complex-loaded nanoparticles with photosensitive activity may improve platinum-based chemotherapy and promote platinum drug delivery from bench to bedside in the future.