Efficient phosphorus recovery from waste activated sludge: pretreatment with natural deep eutectic solvent and recovery as vivianite

Recycling phosphorus from waste activated sludge (WAS) is an effective method to address the nonrenewable nature of phosphorus and mitigate environmental pollution. To overcome the challenge of low phosphorus recovery from WAS due to insufficient disintegration, a method using a citric acid-based natural deep eutectic solvent (CA-NADES) assisted with low-temperature pretreatment was proposed to efficiently release and recover phosphorus. The results of