Ecological governance zoning in Phase VI planning area of “Three-North” project

The “Three-North” region is distinguished by its extensive expanse, heterogeneous natural conditions, diverse ecosystems, and marked disparities in the intensity of human activities. Effective ecological governance in this area necessitates scientific planning, tailored adaptation to local contexts, and precise policy implementation. The three key initiatives of Phase Six of the “Three-North” project have identified critical areas for engineering-based governance. To achieve comprehensive and scientifically sound governance, it is essential to conduct ecological zoning. This study has systematically delineated and classified terrestrial ecological regions based on the integrity of natural geographical units, the similarity of dominant ecosystems, the spatial heterogeneity of natural elements, and the differential impacts of land use. Consequently, the entire planning and construction area of Phase Six of the “Three-North” project has been divided into 4 first-level ecological zones, 27 second-level ecological zones, and 136 third-level ecological zones. This stratification fully embodies the core tenets of scientific governance, systematic governance, and holistic governance in modern ecological management. The proposed zoning framework will serve as a foundational basis for the strategic layout of joint prevention and control projects in the next phase of the “Three-North” project, the top-level design of ecological compensation mechanisms, and the realization of ecological product value. It will also establish a baseline for regional sustainable development, delineate upper-bound objectives for future ecological governance, and provide a unified spatial benchmark for achieving a beautiful and harmonious “Three-North” region.