Preparation of self-supported Ni 2 P via sulfidation–phosphorization of nickel foam as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for the simultaneous oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and hydrogen evolution

A self-supported S-Ni 2 P/NF electrocatalyst, prepared via sequential sulfidation–phosphorization, efficiently upgrades HMF to FDCA (98% yield, 93.8% FE) and produces hydrogen, enabling sustainable biorefinery under mild alkaline conditions.