Circulating tumor cells: Blood-based detection, molecular biology, and clinical applications

循环肿瘤细胞 肿瘤细胞 计算生物学 生物 癌症研究 细胞生物学 癌症 转移 遗传学
作者
Charles S. Dai,Avanish Mishra,Jon Edd,Mehmet Toner,Shyamala Maheswaran,Daniel A. Haber
出处
期刊:Cancer Cell [Cell Press]
卷期号:43 (8): 1399-1422 被引量:38
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.ccell.2025.07.008
摘要

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells, shed from primary tumors or metastases into the bloodstream. The first non-invasive “liquid biopsy” for cancer monitoring, CTCs have been largely surpassed by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for clinical applications, given the ease of DNA sequencing without specialized cell isolation methods. However, emerging rare cell capture technologies that can process larger blood volumes and enable advanced single-cell analyses may enhance the range and potential of CTC-based biomarkers. CTCs are increasingly valuable for assessing tumor heterogeneity, guiding protein biomarker-driven cancer immune therapies, and assessing heterogeneous drug resistance, as well as for detecting minimal disease. CTCs, thus, remain central to understanding cancer dissemination and are poised to offer complementary diagnostic roles in the application of minimally invasive liquid biopsies for cancer. Here, we review recent advances in the study of these rare circulating cancer cells and discuss current limitations and future directions. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells shed into the bloodstream. While their utility has been limited by challenges in rare cell capture, recent technological advances could enhance the range of CTC-based biomarkers. Here, Dai et al. review the biology and clinical application of CTCs, discuss current limitations, and explore future directions.
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