Recent progress in doping engineering of perovskite oxides for photocatalytic green hydrogen production via water splitting

Given the immense potential for addressing energy and environmental issues, the utilization of solar energy for hydrogen production by water splitting (WS) has garnered widespread attention in the scientific community. Perovskite oxides (POs), with their compositional flexibility and structural stability, hold significant promise in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Rational doping of POs is the key to enhancing the rate of the photocatalytic HER. In this review, with the aim of providing guidance for the enhancement of photocatalytic efficiency, the recent advancements in ion-doping engineering of PO-based photocatalysts are summarized. The principles of photocatalytic WS, the preparation methods of ion-doped POs, the types of dopants, and the effects of doping on the photocatalytic performance of the HER are systematically reviewed and discussed. Background and advances in practical applications are further elaborated. Ultimately, prospects and challenges of the doped POs for the photocatalytic HER are proposed. This review provides a good reference for making informed decisions regarding the selection of doped ions and a valuable suggestion for establishing high-stability photocatalytic systems toward large-scale applications.