Vortex-antivortex lattices in a holographic superconductor

We employ the Einstein-Abelian-Higgs theory to investigate the structure of vortex-antivortex lattices within a superconductor driven by spatial periodic magnetic fields. By adjusting the parameters of the external magnetic field, including the period (T) and the amplitude (B0), various distinct vortex states emerge. These states encompass the Wigner crystallization state, the vortex cluster state, and the suppressed state. Additionally, we present a comprehensive phase diagram to demarcate the specific regions where these structures emerge, contributing to our understanding of superconductivity in complex magnetic environments. Published by the American Physical Society 2024