A conductive and sodiophilic Ag coating layer regulating Na deposition behaviors for highly reversible sodium metal batteries

ion and electric field distribution. This enables remarkably low overpotentials and uniform Na plating/stripping behavior with ultrahigh Coulombic efficiency of 99.9% during 500 cycles. As expected, the enhanced electrochemical performance of the anode-less battery and anode-free battery coupled with Prussian blue is achieved with the help of Ag coating. This work emphasizes the role of the conductive and sodiophilic coating layer in regulating the Na deposition behaviors for highly reversible sodium metal batteries.