The nexus of sustainable fisheries: A hybrid self-powered and self-sensing wave energy harvester

Wave energy harvesters (WEHs) are an effective solution to the problem of powering sensors in marine fisheries. A future direction for WEHs is to achieve wave monitoring while meeting the power requirements of the sensors. This paper presents a hybrid self-powered and self-sensing wave energy harvester (HSS-WEH), which consists of three modules: an energy input module, a self-powered module, and a self-sensing module. In this study, an eccentric pendulum is used to capture low-frequency irregular wave energy. The proposed rectification enhancement mechanism (REM) converts the bidirectional rotation of the spindle into the unidirectional rotation of the magnet flywheel. In addition, a triboelectric nanogenerator based on rolling PTFE balls is used to convert wave information into electrical signals for wave monitoring. The optimization of the mass of the eccentric pendulum was achieved through a six-degree-of-freedom platform experiment. At 0.3 Hz, the electromagnetic generator power with REM is enhanced by 36.11 % to 7.84 mW than without REM. Furthermore, the self-sensing module achieves a high level of accuracy, reaching 98.62 % in identifying the risk level of the waves. Water tank experiments and energy consumption analysis of sensors confirm the practical applicability of HSS-WEH in sustainable fisheries.