Regulation of biological processes by intrinsically chiral engineered materials

Chirality has a key role in the synthesis of biomolecules and the development of life. Although the effects of many chiral molecules or materials on biological processes have been studied for over 150 years, research aimed at understanding the relationship between the intrinsic chirality of engineered materials and bioresponses is still at the beginning. In this Perspective article, we present three classes of intrinsically chiral engineered materials: carbon dots, metal-based materials and patterned geometries. We elaborate on these chiral materials in terms of design, structural and functional differences between the enantiomers and effects of intrinsic chirality on biological processes. Finally, we address the safety concerns, challenges, opportunities and directions for future development of intrinsically chiral materials. Engineered materials with intrinsic chirality can affect biological processes from cell uptake to nerve repair. This Perspective article discusses the design and function of intrinsically chiral carbon dots, metal-based materials and patterned geometries, highlighting the different effects of the two enantiomers on biological responses.