Bioluminescence and fluorescence have been proved to be a versatile and useful tool for animal in vivo imaging.Optical imaging employs sensitive instrument to monitor the activities of cell,protein and gene in vivo. It has been used widely in biomedical research and drug discoveries.With the recent development of the technology and instruments,the 2Dimentional imaging has developed to 3Dimential imaging in vivo.3-D imaging will provide researchers not only detailed spatial information of the targets,its relationship with animal organs,but more quantitative results in vivo.This paper reviews of the current principles,developments and applications of the 3-D optical in vivo imaging technologies.