Toxicological responses of Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae) after acute, subchronic and chronic exposure to cadmium

The objective of this study was to analyze the toxicological responses of the estuarine polychaete Laeonereis acuta after acute (96 h), subchronic (7 days) and chronic (14 days) exposure to cadmium (Cd). Concentrations of metallothioneins (MT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), total Cd and metal-rich granules (MRG) were evaluated. Seasonal variations of MT and LPO levels in the wild were also measured. Polychaetes were obtained in the Quequén estuary located southeast of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. For the acute toxicity assay, individuals were exposed to 10; 30, 65; 310; 600; 1300; 2000; 4300; 8100; 16300 µgCd L−1, which included levels of environmental relevance and median lethal concentrations (LC50) for related species of polychaete. Based on 96 h LC50 values, polychaetes were exposed to sublethal doses of Cd. The concentrations for both subchronic and chronic assays were: 10; 30; 65; 310; 600; 1300; 2000; 4300 µgCd L−1. The 96 h LC50 value was 8234.9 µg L−1, which was within the values reported for other species of polychaete, indicating a high tolerance to Cd. MT induction was not observed for any time exposure. In additoin, LPO levels showed no differences with respect to control levels, which indicated an absence of oxidative damage caused by Cd. However, the total Cd and MRG-Cd concentrations in L. acuta in all tested treatments showed significant differences with respect to control levels. L. acuta were able to accumulate Cd in their tissues in the form of granules which are the main mechanism of Cd detoxification.