To observe the multiplication effect of primary cultured hippocampal neurons of new born rats,the primary cultured postnatal rat hippocampal neurons was added different concentration of 10-HDA(0.1,1.0,10 μmol/L),then neural cell proliferation was checked by Brdu immunofluorescence staining.Nissl staining was used to observe the quantitative change of neurons.The results shown that the quantity of hippocampal neurons added medium dose 10-HDA(1.0 μmol/L) increase obviously after 24 hours,but the quantity of hippocampal neurons added 10 μmol/L 10-HDA was lower than the control group and the low-dose group(0.1 μmol/L).Brdu immunofluorescence staining shows that medium dose 10-HDA make cells proliferation,growth rate is(19.37±2.192 1)%,Nissl staining shows 10-HDA can increase the amount of hippocampal neurons,rowth rate is(20.31±4.086 5)%.10-HDA can promote the proliferation of primary cultured hippocampal neurons.