Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) has been the most prevalent opportunistic infection diagnosed in people with AIDS. After a decade of care and research, significant progress has been achieved not only in treating PCP but also in preventing it. Concomitantly, new problems have surfaced, for example, nosocomial spread of mycobacterium tuberculosis and occupational hazards, both related to treating people living with AIDS (PWAs) with PCP. The author provides a comprehensive overview of infection due to Pneumocystis carinii, as seen in adults with HIV infection, and the related nursing issues.