Interaction among health workers and trans men: Findings from a qualitative study in Chile

PURPOSE: To explore trans men's access and use of healthcare services in Chile, based on the experiences of the trans men themselves, as well as of healthcare professionals. METHODS: A qualitative study with an ethnographic approach was carried out with 30 participants: 14 trans men and 16 healthcare professionals. Semi-structured one-on-one interviews with open-ended questions were used to collect the data. A thematic analysis was carried out with the NVivo Software. RESULTS: Three main themes were identified: (1) failures in the recognition of trans identity, (2) challenges with patient-centered care, and (3) use of other ("non-trans") health services. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that not all transition processes are the same, individuals seek different ways; therefore, it is necessary to consider different body types and identities when planning programs and care for men in transition. Moreover, the accompaniment provided during the gender transition process should contemplate emotional and mental support. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The study outlines the need for all healthcare professionals to have training and knowledge about the transgender population, regardless of whether they are part of the teams supporting gender transition processes. The role of nurses and the contributions that can be made from nursing discipline in this research field are fundamental.