Improved interface microstructure between crystalline silicon and nanocrystalline silicon oxide window layer of silicon heterojunction solar cells

N-type hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon oxide (nc-SiOx:H) is potential to enhance the performance of silicon heterojunction solar cells, but the raised plasma damage on underlying layer during the nc-SiOx:H deposition with a high-volume fraction of hydrogen is a burning issue. The underlying intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon (i-a-Si:H) bilayer between n-type crystalline silicon (c-Si) and n-type nc-SiOx:H has been investigated by modulating silane (SiH4) gas flow rate (GFR) of interface porous layer. It has been found that the initial H-rich i-a-Si:H bilayer deposited by interfacial 1600 sccm GFR with relatively stable larger voids diameter and less voids number density can not only withstand hydrogen ions bombardment but also passivate c-Si surface well. Meanwhile, it also has been verified that the optimal n-seed deposition can further enhance both total hydrogen content and hydrogen content in compact structure to promote c-Si surface passivation and carrier transportation. The optimized SiH4 GFR for the interfacial i-a-Si:H growth and the appropriate deposition time of n-seed layer have been applied into the front passivation layer of silicon heterojunction solar cells, thus a high efficiency of approximate 25 % with high VOC and FF has been achieved.