A photothermal therapy-based composite hydrogel for sequential management of inflammation control and bone regeneration in severe periodontitis

), PDMM@LF-HAMA had a thicker periodontal epithelial fibrous layer and better alveolar bone height and morphology compared to the group without NIR after 8 weeks, while it also enhanced the expression levels of OCN and Runx2. Overall, this work provides an exploratory approach for the comprehensive management of periodontitis through the whole stage.