Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes as Pioneering Nanomaterials for High‐Performance Photoelectrodes in Solar Water Splitting

Abstract During the last decade, MXenes—2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides—have emerged as highly promising materials for energy‐related applications, especially as electrodes for batteries and chemical energy storage. MXenes can also serve as photoelectrodes for the solar water splitting, enabling hydrogen generation, an area that remains relatively underexplored. Herein, we discuss the role of MXene‐based photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells as either photoanodes or photocathodes and highlight recent advancements in composite systems designed to achieve higher performance. Despite these achievements, challenges persist in controlling the electronic properties of MXenes. We propose potential research directions to address these limitations. This work underscores the need for continued innovation to unlock the full potential of MXenes in advancing clean energy solutions.